Quay wall



Mrch 20,1928. 1,663,453

L. COKE-HILL Y QUAY WALL Filed Sept. 10. 192.5

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l LcoKE-H/LL y' ATTQRN s Patented Mar. 20, 1928.

UNITED STATES;

Y LIONEL COKE-HILL, OF MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA',r

QUAY WALL.

Appiicaiion medseptember 1o, 1925.- seriaiivo. 55,526.

This invention relatesfto new and useful improvements in qua-y walls, canal walls, retaining walls and the like, and the object of the' invention is to provide a wall of simple construction which will be stable under all conditions.

Another object is to provide a wall of the class stated in which the 4horizontal force exerted by the material retained by the wall,

will be greatly reducedwhen compared withthe ordinary gravity retaining wall so much in use at the present time.

A further object isto provide a quay wall which will be light and economical in constructionand in which ordinary filling material, such asrock, sand, earthwor vthe like may be used to stabilize or oounterbalance the horizontal thrustexerted by the mate rial retained behind the wall.

A still further object is. to provide a Wall of the classstated in which the vertical pressure exerted by the iillerand wallwlien combined with the horizontal stress exerted by the earth filler or bank behindy the wall, will result in a verticallyinclined force passing through the centre ofy the base, sothat the load resulting from said force will be evenly ldistributed across said base.y

In my invention, I provide a unitary wall of substantially truncated V formation, theV lowermost portion of which islattened out to form a base of sullicient area to support the weight of the wall plus the Weight of the filling in, such a manner that a vertical line passing through the centre of gravity of the wall and the filling will pass Vthrough the middle third of the base, thereby distributing the load evenly, across said base. One leg of the V is approximately vertically disposed to form the face or water side of theY wall, while the otherleg which is preferably made slightly shorter than the face slopes bacli'wardly` to reduce the pressure exerted by the filling `material behind it. Suitabley bracing members are formed between the legs` and suitable ballasting, or stabilizing material maybeilled in between the legs, to form a counterbalaneing Vmeans against the stress of the material held in place by the shorter or sloping leg. y

In the drawings which illustrate certain embodiments of my invention,

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of aquay wall built according to my invention.

Figure 2 is a partial plan of the wall shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of a wall similar to that shown in Figure 1 but with a slightly larger base.

Referring moreparticularly to the drawings, 11 designates a quay wall of substantially truncated kV formation, having its lower portion fiattened outk to form a base 12. .One leg 13 of the wall is approximately vertically disposed to form the face or `wat-er front 14; ot the quay andv extends a short. distance above the waterlevel, indicated by the line 15. The other legl, which is made somewhaty shorter Vthan the leg13, slopes upwardly from the base 12 and away from the leg 13. f The slope of theleg 16I ispreferably about 6,0". Bracing members 17 are formed between the legs and, maybe :spaced orpitched an,V even distancefromone another. along the entire `lengtho4 the., wall. The base -12 may/,havea portion 18 extending beyond the innermostqsurface 19 of the,

wall and ribs 20, may be, formed betweenthe extension and-the upper ,edge of theleg 16.r

In the` pockets 21 formed betweeny tlielegs, eartli,`rock orsuch likeballast may beplaced to form a counterbalance weight for the pur# pose hereinafter described.

In Figure 3 the wall shown is of some.- what similar construction, but the base 12i is made larger,v sothat the resultant pressure yper square foot of base maybe consid-` erablyy reduced. This increase in base is,

made to vaccommodate the allowable bearing pressure ofthe materialupon whichithe wall' is built.i Inthe drawingsI have shown the wallbuiltofjconcrete, but itv will be readily understood that other materialsmay be used,

suchasfwood onsteel protected by l10n-clorrosive material, or fact, any material which will not be materiallyaii'ected bythe `action ofwaten andtheeartli filler. Modif ications maybe made in the construction of the wall, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

To explain they advantages gained in using a wall of this description. when comparedf with vthe y ordinary inverted V` wall kof solidv construction-the actonf of which is welly known to persons familiar with this art, I;

. willA resort to a diagrammatic illustration of the action of the stresses acting on and through my improved wall. Pb illustrates the centre and direction of pressure of the material retained behind the sloping wall, and Pt the centre and direction of pressure of the material or filler acting above the upper edge of the sloping leg. By combining the forces Pb and Pz?, a resultant horizontal pressure P is obtained. 1f the leg 16 is made longer` than that shown, that is, the

s nearer it approaches the level of the uppermost edge of the leg 13 or surface S of the ground, the smaller the pressure Pt becomes and consequently the pressure P will also diminish in proportion to the sum of the 'forces Pb plus Pt. The weight of the wall plus the filling or ballasting material results in a vertically disposed force Vf, acting through the centre of gravity or' the wall. By resolving the forces, a resultant R is obtained which passes approximately through the centre of the base. In the illustration shown, the base was made 12 iieet, the height of the face of the wall feet, and the height of the sloping leg 33 feet, which resulted in P being equal to 15500 pounds and W equal to 117800 pounds, resulting in a pres sure or 9800 pounds per square toot evenly distributed across the base. The amount of concrete used per lineal foot in this construction is approximately 8 cubic yards. Now to build a gravity retaining wall oit the usual solid construction and of theA substantially inverted V type Vto, resist the thrust of the 50 feet of earth retained by my improved wall, approximately 32 cubic yards ont concrete would be required and the resulting pressure would then only fall within the middle third o1 the base, i. e. there would be twice the average pressure at the front of the wall and no pressure at the rear of the Wall, the maximum pressure at the front of the wall amounting to 13000 pounds per square foot. This inverted V type of wall has not been shown,ibut the height of same was made 50 feet, whilevthe base was made 30 -feet, tape-ring upwardly to 5 feet at they top of the wall.

A wall built in the manner herein de-v scribed is very easily and economically erectfilled. rlfhis is accomplished by partially illing the Ypocket formed within the legs of the wall with kballasting material and iloatingA same vinto position and sinking same by admitting water into the pocket and subsen quently filling `in with material, such as K earth, rock, ballast, sand or the lilre.- Ilhis feature could not be accomplished in a wall of solid construction without the use of expensive apparatus to keep thewall afloat. It will be seen from the above comparisons that a Wall built of the truncated V type By forming the sloping leg of the wall toV coincide with the angle of repose of the material behind the wall and by carrying said leg to the surface S of the ground, the thrust P from the said material may be entirely eliminated.

Having thus described my invention,what l claim is 1. A quay wall of substantially truncated V formation with a flat base formed at the vertex of the angle enclosed by the legs of the V.

2. A quay wall of substantially truncated V formation with a base formed at the ver tex of the wall and one of the legs or' the truncated V approximately at right angles to the base.

3. A hollow quay wall of substantially truncated V formation with a flat base lformed at the vertex of the wall and with one of the legs of the truncated V approximately at right angles to the wall and theV other leg slopingupwardly and away from the vertical leg.

4. A quay wall of substantially truncated V formation with a flat base formed at the bottom of the truncated V, one leg ofthe wall being positioned at approximately right angles to the base, while the other leg slopes upwardly from the base and at an acute an- `Ile to the vertical and a pluralityof spaced bracing members between the legs of the V forming the wall. Y

5. A quay Wall according to claim 4, having the base extending beyond. theouter face of the sloping leg and re-inforcing ribsbe-v tween the wall and said extension.

6. A unitary quay wall of substantially i truncated -V formation with a Hatv base .iormed at the bottom of the V, one leg of the wall being formed at approximately right angles to the base and the other leg, whichmay be slightly shorter, slopes upwardly from the base and away from the vertical wall.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

'LIONEL COKE-HILL. 

